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	<title>Hélio líquido - Histórico de revisões</title>
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		<title>Calimero0000: uma edição</title>
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		<updated>2013-04-20T17:00:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;uma edição&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Página nova&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;[[Ficheiro:2 Helium.png|thumb|Hélio liquido em um recipiente.]]&lt;br /&gt;
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O &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[[hélio]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; existe na &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;forma [[líquido|líquida]]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; somente a [[temperatura]]s extremamente baixas. Seu [[ponto de ebulição]] e [[ponto crítico (termodinâmica)|ponto crítico]] depende do [[isótopo]] do hélio; ver a tabela abaixo para valores. A [[densidade]] do [[hélio-4]] líquido em seu ponto de ebulição e a 1 [[Pressão atmosférica|atmosfera (atm)]] é aproximadamente 0,125 g/mL&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;[http://safety.seas.harvard.edu/services/helium.html Liquid Helium] - &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;safety.seas.harvard.edu&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039; {{en}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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O hélio-4 foi liquefeito pela primeira vez em 10 de julho de 1908 pelo físico [[Holanda|holandês]] [[Heike Kamerlingh Onnes]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wilks, p. 7&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; Hélio-4 líquido é usado como um [[refrigerante]] [[criogênico]]; é produzido comercialmente para uso em [[magneto supercondutor|magnetos supercondutores]] tais como aqueles usados em [[Ressonância magnética|IRM]] ou [[ressonância magnética nuclear|RMN]]. É liquefeito usando-se o [[ciclo de Hampson-Linde]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|author=Daniel V. Schroeder|title=An Introduction to Thermal Physics|page=141|publisher=Addison Wesley Longman|year=2000|isbn=0201380277}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
The temperatures required to liquefy helium are low because of the weakness of the attraction between helium [[atom]]s. The [[interatomic force]]s are weak in the first place because helium is a [[noble gas]], but the interatomic attraction is reduced even further by [[quantum]] effects, which are important in helium because of its low [[atomic mass]]. The [[zero point energy]] of the liquid is less if the atoms are less confined by their neighbors; thus the liquid can lower its [[ground state]] energy by increasing the interatomic distance. But at this greater distance, the effect of interatomic forces is even weaker.&amp;lt;ref name=w1/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Because of the weak interatomic forces, helium remains liquid down to [[absolute zero]]; helium solidifies only under great [[pressure]]. At sufficiently low temperature, both [[helium-3]] and helium-4 undergo a transition to a [[superfluid]] phase (see table below).&amp;lt;ref name=w1/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Liquid helium-3 and helium-4 are not completely miscible below 0.9 K at the saturated [[vapor pressure]]. Below this temperature a mixture of the two isotopes undergoes [[phase separation]] into a lighter normal fluid that is mostly helium-3, and a denser superfluid that is mostly helium-4. (This occurs because the system can lower its [[enthalpy]] by separating.) At low temperatures, the helium-4 rich phase may contain up to 6% of helium-3 in solution, which makes possible the existence of the [[dilution refrigerator]], capable of reaching temperatures of a few millikelvin above [[absolute zero]].&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite journal|author=D. O. Edwards, D. F. Brewer, P. Seligman, M. Skertic, and M. Yaqub|journal=Phys. Rev. Lett.|volume=15|page=773|year=1965|title=Solubility of He3 in Liquid He4 at 0°K|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.15.773 }}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wilks, p. 244.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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{{em tradução|:en:Liquid helium|data=janeiro de 2012}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Propriedades do hélio líquido !! [[Hélio-4]] !! [[Hélio-3]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Temperatura crítica]]&amp;lt;ref name=w1&amp;gt;Wilks, p. 1.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 5.2 K || 3.3 K&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Ponto de ebulição]] a 1 [[Pressão atmosférica|atm]]&amp;lt;ref name=w1/&amp;gt; || 4.2 K || 3.2 K&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Pressão]] mínima de [[fusão]]&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wilks, pp. 474-478.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 25 [[Pressão atmosférica|atm]]|| 29 atm at 0.3 K&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| Temperatura de transição de [[superfluido]] a [[pressão de vapor]] saturado || 2.17 K&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;Wilks, p. 289.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt; || 1 m K em [[campo magnético]] zero&amp;lt;ref&amp;gt;{{cite book|author=Dieter Vollhart and Peter Wölfle|title=The Superfluid Phases of Helium 3|page=3|publisher=Taylor and Francis|year=1990}}&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{Referências}}&lt;br /&gt;
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Helio Liquido}}&lt;br /&gt;
[[Categoria:Gases]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Calimero0000</name></author>
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